Cov kws kho mob ib txwm ceeb toom rau tib neeg tias kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog kab mob plawv, Alzheimer's kab mob, ntshav qab zib thiab kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus lom neeg thiab molecular ntawm kev tawm dag zog rau kev noj qab haus huv tsis tau meej meej rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center tau txais qee cov lus qhia los daws qhov teeb meem no. Lawv tau lees paub tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tawm dag zog yog txhawb nqa autophagy. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau luam tawm hauv online hauv phau ntawv journal Nature thaum Lub Ib Hlis 18. Beth Levine, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw tshawb fawb autophagy ntawm University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center thiab tus xibfwb ntawm cov tshuaj sab hauv thiab microbiology, coj kev tshawb fawb. Nws tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm autophagy. Nyob rau hauv 1999, nws nrhiav tau Beclin1, thawj hom tsiaj autophagy uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer ntawm lub mis, uas yog thawj autophagy noob ntsig txog tib neeg cov noob tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.
Autophagy tau thov los ntawm Ashford thiab Porter tom qab lawv pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm "noj koj tus kheej" hauv autophagy hauv xyoo 1962. Nws yog hais txog ib feem ntawm cytoplasm thiab organelles, cov proteins thiab lwm yam khoom hauv lub cell uas yuav tsum tau degraded yog qhwv los ntawm ob. -txheej txheej membrane ntog tawm ntawm ribosome dawb txuas cheeb tsam ntawm ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum los tsim autophagosome, uas yog fused nrog lysosomes los tsim autophagosomes thiab degrade cov ntsiab lus, Nws yog ib tug txheej txheem catabolic kom paub txog cov metabolic xav tau ntawm lub cell nws tus kheej thiab rov ua dua tshiab. qee cov organelles.
Raws li evolutionarily heev ancient thiab conservative metabolic txoj kev, autophagy yog koom nyob rau hauv regulating lub metabolic tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm cov synthesis, degradation thiab rov qab siv cov cellular tshuaj, thiab cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov yam ntawm kev ua neej lom neeg. Tom qab ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb muab cov nas ib txwm muaj thiab hloov pauv mus rau ntawm lub treadmill rau ib nrab teev. Lawv pom tias cov nas transgenic pom thaum ntxov qaug zog piv nrog cov nas ib txwm muaj. Qhov no yog vim cov nas mutant tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho autophagy, ua rau cov piam thaj metabolism tsis zoo, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub zog txaus.
Hauv kev sim noj cov rog rog tom ntej, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim dua. Lawv pom tias thaum tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog, cov nas qus thiab cov nas transgenic tau noj cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau ua rau lawv qhov hnyav thiab tsim cov kab mob zoo ib yam li hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tawm dag zog ib txwm muaj, cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias txawm tias kev tawm dag zog txo qhov hnyav ntawm ob pawg nas, cov ntshav qabzib cov nas mutant tseem siab. Manipulation ntawm autophagy tej zaum yuav yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib. Pab neeg tshawb fawb tseem npaj los txheeb xyuas ntxiv lub luag haujlwm ntawm autophagy hauv kev tawm dag zog tiv thaiv lwm yam kab mob, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob neurodegenerative thiab kev laus nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
